QCOW2 (QEMU disk) file signature
Magic number at the start of the file · QFIû
A QEMU copy-on-write v2 disk image starts with the magic QFI followed by the byte 0xFB, then a version number and the header describing the image.
What this magic number means
A magic number is a short, fixed run of bytes at a known position that tells a program what a file really is, no matter what the filename says. If a file starts with the bytes 51 46 49 FB (the text QFIû), it is a QCOW2 (QEMU disk) file.
What each byte of 51 46 49 FB means
Here is the signature byte by byte, the way a hex editor shows it: the position in the file, the value in hex and in decimal, and the character that value stands for in ASCII. Bytes with no printable character show a dot.
| Byte offset | Hex | Decimal | ASCII |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 51 | 81 | Q |
| 1 | 46 | 70 | F |
| 2 | 49 | 73 | I |
| 3 | FB | 251 | . |
Formats that use the 51 46 49 FB signature
These file types in our database carry this signature:
How to check a file's signature
You can read the bytes of any file yourself. They are shown in hex, the same way this page lists them.
Linux & macOS
- xxd -l 16 example.qcow2
- hexdump -C -n 16 example.qcow2
- file example.qcow2
Windows (PowerShell)
- Format-Hex -Path example.qcow2 -Count 16
Python
- open("example.qcow2","rb").read(4).hex()
In your browser
- Drop the file into the WhatFileType identifier, which reads the signature without uploading it.
Frequently asked questions
What is the QCOW2 (QEMU disk) file signature?
QCOW2 (QEMU disk) files start with the hex bytes 51 46 49 FB (QFIû in ASCII). This magic number identifies the format regardless of the file's name or extension.
How do I check a file's magic number?
Open the file in a hex editor, or run a command such as xxd -l 16 example.qcow2 on Linux or macOS, or Format-Hex -Path example.qcow2 -Count 16 in Windows PowerShell, and read the first bytes.
Can a file fake the QCOW2 (QEMU disk) signature?
Renaming a file does not change its bytes, so the extension can lie but the signature usually cannot. A genuine QCOW2 (QEMU disk) file has these exact bytes; a file with the wrong bytes is not really QCOW2 (QEMU disk), whatever its name says.
Related signatures
Sources
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This entry is part of the WhatFileType file signature reference, published under a CC BY 4.0 licence with the full provenance for every entry, a copy-paste embed and a JSON export. Credit WhatFileType and the data is yours to republish.